Recency, Frequency, Monetary (RFM)

RFM is a way to score customers based on how recently they bought, how often they buy, and how much they spend. It helps you spot your best customers quickly and see who might be slipping away.

Recency, Frequency, Monetary or RFM is a simple way to group customers by behavior. You look at when someone last bought, how often they buy, and how much money they usually spend. Each part gets a score, then you use the combined score to see who is most engaged. It turns a big list of customers into clear segments you can understand.

RFM matters because not every customer should get the same treatment. High scoring customers might get VIP offers or early access, while low scoring customers might get win back messages. This keeps your marketing focused on people who are most likely to respond. It also helps you spend less time guessing and more time running targeted campaigns.

You can start simple with a spreadsheet. Export your orders, sort by last order date, total orders, and total spend, then give each customer a low, medium, or high score for each piece. From there, create a few basic segments and write one clear email for each group. Over time you can refine the scores and add more detail if you need it.